Fast Food Nation Synthesis

Sarah Whitaker Mrs. Kurtz A. P. Language and Composition 6 February 2013 The Meatpacking Industry: One of the Most Dangerous Jobs in the U. S. A report from the American Meat Institute shows that the U. S. is home to around 6,000 meatpacking plants. A huge number of employments everywhere throughout the nation are made through meatpacking plants. These low paying, dangerous employments are cleared up by people, these individuals unconscious of what precisely they have gotten themselves into. The meatpacking, today, has gotten one of the most risky occupations in America.As found by Steven Greenhouse of the New York times, â€Å"†¦the nation’s meat pressing industry has such awful working conditions that it damages essential human and laborer rights. † Ever since the distribution of the renowned book by Upton Sainclairâ€The Jungle†individuals everywhere throughout the world have thought that it was fundamental for reviews to be thought of and for changes to be finished with little achievement. Laborers in today’s plants appear to have similar issues that were confronted very nearly 100 years ago.The Appleseed Center For Law found an expected â€Å"total of 62 percent of those met said they had been harmed at work in the previous year, a rate multiple times higher than the government’s official measurement for slaughterhouse workers†¦. †, as found in Reprt:Line Speed, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers. So what befell the truly necessary wellbeing laws? It’s straightforward truly, they just aren’t being followed. Numerous specialists today, who live in terrible working conditions step by step to make their living for them and their families, are not being treated as they are intended to be and this has just made the business bigger.One individual stops or gets injured and another is there, effectively filling the new vacant position. Grumblings don’t help either, as found by Gail Eisnitz, additionally refered to in Reprt:Line Speed, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers, â€Å"Slaughterhouse laborers discuss a creation framework that moves to fast†¦despite various objections to managementâ€as well as incalculable injuriesâ€the organizations will not make changes since easing back the procedure would mean not getting as much cash. † As found in Eric Schlosser’s ook Fast Food Nation the basic reality is that with influence and cash there comes harmed ethics. The enormous entrepreneurs just don’t care! Since the privileged insights are out and the business is â€Å"naked† to the open now, the individuals are not calling the business â€Å"The Jungle of the 2000s†, an article put out by the Associated Press States. Martin Cotez as met by the Associated Press says, â€Å"You know what I like to state to the newcomers? They don’t murder cows. They execute individuals. † This, a reaction to his own story depiction, just puts an entirely different mark on the business; murderers!Sinclair’s book distributed such a long time ago despite everything appears to have scarcely affected the business of today. As examined in Fast Food Nation, Schlosser additionally talks about the injury of laborers all through part 8, successfully named â€Å"The Most Dangerous Job. † One case of the loathsome working conditions additionally originates from Fast Food Nation, Jesus â€Å"A mild-mannered worker of DCS Sanitation Managerment, Inc† Talks of an encounter he had on one of his cleaning obligations, â€Å"One night while Jesus was cleaning, a colleague neglected to kill a machine, lost two fingers, and went into shock.An rescue vehicle came and removed him, as every other person kept on cleaning. He was back grinding away the next week. ‘if one hand is no good,’ the chief told him,’use the other. ’† Not just did the director not give it a second thought, an individual was harmed and still came back to the activity he clearly required. So what should be finished? Clearly whatever it is, its not occurring. So despite the fact that the interest for food is high in this country, what’s progressively significant, our food or our residents? expanded interest at slaughterhouses has caused an ascent in business related injuries† as indicated by a report by a Nebraska-based non-benefit. Individuals in these plants are getting injured on the grounds that it’s what the activity requests as well as in light of the fact that the more we as shoppers need, the more the huge business proprietors will request more work. So what will we as American residents do? Work Cited â€Å"American Meat Institute. †Ã‚ American Meat Institute. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Report: Line Speeds, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers. † Digging Through the Dirt, 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 7 Feb. 2013. Nursery, Steven. † Meat Packing Industry Criticized on Human Rights Grounds. † The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 25 Jan. 2005. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Dangers, pressures sneak in meatpacking industry†. Related Press. Breaking News and Top Stories World News, US and Local: NBC News, 24 Apr. 2006. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Safety and Health Guide for the Meatpacking Industry. † Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Schlosser,Eric. Cheap Food Nation. New York: Harper And Perennial,2005. Print.

Discuss the main issues in defining and measuring intelligence. The WritePass Journal

Talk about the fundamental issues in characterizing and estimating insight. Conceptual Talk about the fundamental issues in characterizing and estimating insight. AbstractMain BodyConclusionReferencesRelated Theoretical The investigation of insight started in the late 1800’s, and in spite of thorough examination, established researchers stay partitioned over its careful definition and fitting estimation (Weinberg, 1989). In its most well known sense, knowledge has been characterized as the capacity to learn new data, and apply such data to control one’s condition. Different definitions incorporate flexibility to new situations and changes to the current condition, the capacity to reason and assess, to take in rapidly and as a matter of fact, or even the limit with respect to inventive considerations and thoughts. Anyway in spite of this scholarly entanglement, two expansive ways of thinking have risen. The first accepts that all knowledge originates from a solitary, general factor. The second accepts there is more than one kind of knowledge, in spite of the fact that advocates of this view still can't seem to concur precisely what number of sorts of insight exist. The motivation behind this paper is to talk about each way of thinking thusly and distinguish both their commitments and weaknesses. Moreover, as hypotheses of insight fluctuate, so do the proposed strategies for knowledge estimation, and these too will be fundamentally analyzed. Principle Body The most seasoned hypothesis of insight was proposed by Charles Spearman in the mid twentieth century (Spearman, 1904). Utilizing a factual methodology, he saw that children’s school execution seemed to connect across apparently irrelevant subjects. Spearman contemplated that such connections demonstrated a solitary hidden general mental capacity, influencing execution across various mental tests, which he begat the ‘general’ or ‘g’ factor. What's more, he contended for the presence of ‘specific’ or ‘s’ factors which identified with restricted and task-explicit capacities, for example, jargon extend or numerical ability, in spite of the fact that Spearman and his resulting adherents put more accentuation on the significance of g. Advocates of uni-factor speculations of insight draw upon the marvel of the positive complex (Spearman, 1904) as help for the idea. Basically, the reality various trial of psychological capacity seem to connect together exceptionally. Albeit early pundits of Spearman’s approach tested his model with more up to date strategies for examination (see Thurstone, 1938), it has remained massively compelling, driving Kane and Brand (2003) to finish up: â€Å"Spearman’s g, through custom and experimental proof, has become the omnipresent foundation of exactly based speculations of insight. It is the reference point for most investigations directed in the course of recent years. Each factor diagnostic investigation of psychological capacity has yielded a g, gave the information were examined in such a way as to permit a general factor to materialise†(Kane Brand, 2003: 12) The significant analysis of Spearman’s hypothesis was leveled at its straightforwardness. A few scholars along these lines suggested that insight in truth involved a few separate capacities that didn't connect with one another. Among the soonest challenge to Spearman’s unitary idea of insight was Louis Thurstone’s (1938) Theory of Primary Mental Abilities. Thurstone suggested that insight emerged from seven essential autonomous variables, which included verbal appreciation, numeric capacity, spatial relations, perceptual speed, word familiarity, memory and inductive thinking. Utilizing a progressive psychometric methodology, numerous factor examination, Thurstone investigated the aftereffects of mental thinking tests from an example with comparative IQ scores, and found that they had various profiles of mental capacities. In any case, comparative examinations of information from an increasingly heterogeneous populace didn't bolster a seven-factor model; rather it gave proof to a solitary factor model, or ‘g’. Conceptualizing knowledge as a solitary general factor prompted Spearman’s speculation that insight could be estimated utilizing a psychological fitness test and scored with a basic numerical worth. This turned into the trailblazer of the advanced IQ. Conversely, defenders of numerous insights concur there is more than one single kind of knowledge, in spite of the fact that scholars don't concede to precisely what number of various sorts exist. Gardner (1983) proposed a multifaceted model of insight, separating eight modalities which were pitifully corresponded, best case scenario. These elements included semantic, sensible scientific, spatial, melodic, kinaesthetic, relational and intrapersonal insight, and could represent people who were, for instance, all the while great at language assignments and poor at spatial mindfulness undertakings. This new idea of insight was resulting from the analysis that standard knowledge tests were one-sided towards North American and European culture, and critically Gardner felt that customary trial of acumen gave proportions of phonetic, intelligent and spatial knowledge, and overlooked factors, for example, melodic capacity and physicality. In any case, Gardner’s plan has minimally affe cted insight testing, principally in light of the fact that the sort of quantitative factor investigative examination that is required to approve such a methodology has never been embraced (Benson, 2003). Following Gardner’s work was Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (1985). Like Gardner, Sternberg concurred that knowledge was in excess of a solitary general capacity, yet felt that Gardner’s hypothesis simply depicted abilities instead of characterized insight. Sternberg characterized insight as â€Å"mental action guided toward purposive adjustment to, choice and forming of, certifiable situations pertinent to one’s life† (Sternberg, 1985 p. 45) and depicted three significant parts; down to earth insight (a capacity to adjust to one’s condition), experiential knowledge (the capacity to think in novel ways) and componential knowledge (the productive preparing of data). Utilizing this model, he had the option to portray people who were skilled in one region, yet less so in the other two, correspondingly to Gardner, however abstained from adjusting explicit parts of knowledge to scholastic orders. Sternberg’s approach has won specific recognition regarding genuine circumstances (Carraher, Carraher, Schliemann, 1985); in reality it is Sternberg’s down to earth measurement of insight that can represent social errors present in different techniques for knowledge testing. G-scholars anyway contend that down to earth insight speaks to minimal more than ‘job knowledge’ and can be better clarified by g (Jensen, 1993). End Indeed, even in contemporary brain science, impressive discussion over the specific idea of insight is progressing, and conclusive conceptualisation (and consequently estimation) stays tricky. Two unmistakable ways of thinking remain; uni-factor and multifaceted hypotheses of knowledge. Both have specific qualities and shortcomings, yet given that extensive discussion about the idea of knowledge remains, and no single methodology is acknowledged by all, there is still opportunity to get better on some random hypothesis. References Benson, E. (2003). Wise knowledge testing. Screen 43, (2) 48 †56. Carraher, T. N., Carraher, D., Schliemann, A. D. (1985). Arithmetic in the avenues and in schools. English Journal of Developmental Psychology 3 21-29. Jensen, A. R. (1993). Test legitimacy: g versus implied information. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2, (1), 9-10. Kane, H Brand, C. (2003). The significance of Spearmans’ g as a psychometric, social and instructive build. The Occidental Quarterly 3 (1) 7 †29. Spearman, C. (1904). â€Å"General intelligence†, impartially decided and estimated. American Journal of Psychology 15, 201 †293. Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Past IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thurstone, L.L. (1938). Essential mental capacities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Weinberg, R. A. (1989). Insight and IQ: Landmark issues and incredible discussions. American Psychologist 44 (2), 98-104.

Marketing report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Advertising report - Essay Example A portion of the significant discoveries from the report were that the business was not as forceful in advertising as a portion of the contender organizations, thus prompting the little piece of the overall industry of the worldwide market that the organization has. The staff inspiration was poor and the greater part of them didn't feel acknowledged enough for their endeavors in the organization. Presentation The Kingsway gathering of organization is an association that manages imports and fares of new and utilized engine vehicles from Japan and Germany. For as long as five years, the organization has developed from trading just utilized Toyota and Mercedes models of vehicles to sending out of all makes of vehicles that the two nations makes, furthermore, the market has developed from Europe to practically all the six mainlands with Africa being the most serious market in the last quarter. In any case, these statics fall beneath the anticipated piece of the pie, which required this r eport to survey on our feeble point and the chances and qualities where we can exploit. Technique In concocting circumstance examination of the organization, the report embraced to break down a few measurements that may affect the exhibition of the organization; this was to guarantee that no factor that may have impact on execution was not dissected. A portion of the territories that were broke down incorporate contender, showcase, ecological, client, inside and SWOT investigation. the initial phase in leading the circumstance investigation was to set out the kind of information that was required in each factor that should have been dissected, subsequent to getting these, we needed to search for the contact individuals who were familiar with our rival firms and how their organizations were composed both in their inner and outer market approach. Discoveries Competitor investigation The primary rivals in the Japan and Germany vehicles fare and import business are Global Motors LTD, Mo tor World Services and the Kiyosaki Group. These organizations have a practically comparative way to deal with the market for vehicles internationally and the majority of their techniques are to a great extent comparative. Present and future goals 1. Worldwide Motors Global Motors has two destinations that incorporate the expanding the assortment of the engine vehicles that they offer to their customers, the second is giving quality vehicles to their customers. This association has a few operators in the locales it works, which are mostly in the American market; a gathering of business magnates from North America are the fundamental agents of the gathering who have numerous associations in the business circles all around. 2. Engine World administrations This gathering of organizations has their fundamental goal as trading all models of vehicles in the engine vehicle industry and making them open to their customers particularly the very good quality shoppers. This gathering has a bas e in Finland and its procedure as selling the extravagant vehicles at a reasonable value, the majority of the game utility vehicles makers gracefully the organization with save parts for their items making it simpler for customers who purchase these vehicles to get to save parts or tweak their recycled vehicles. 3. Kiyosaki Group This gathering, which is from Japan, has put its goals as providing the need of clients for recycled Japanese vehicles; the second goal of the organization is to give a less expensive method of turning into an engine vehicle proprietor through contribution serious costs for their Japanese vehicles. The system that this

Call Of The Wild: Character Sketch - Buck :: essays research papers

Call of the Wild: Character Sketch - Buck All through the novel The Call of the Wild, we follow a pooch named Buck through his excursion through the Klondike. We experience a change in him, as he adjusts to the chilly, unforgiving area where he is compelled to drudge in the day off, just to assist men with finding a gleaming metal. Buck appears to nearly change into a distinctive canine before the finish of the book. In this paper, I will go over what Buck resembled, how and why he had to adjust to his new condition, and what he changed into. At the point when we initially got together with Buck, he lived in the Santa Clara Valley, on Judge Miller's property. He was the leader of his space, uncontested by any other nearby pooches. he was a blend between a St. Bernard and a Scotch Shepherd hound. He gauged one hundred and forty pounds, and he conveyed each one with most extreme pride. Buck had all that he could need. Much to his dismay, he would soon have everything detracted from him. One night, while the appointed authority was away at a raisin producer's panel meeting, the planter, Manuel, removed Buck from his home. Buck was then sold, and tossed in a things vehicle. This would be the start of another, unfeeling life for Buck. On his ride to any place he was going, Buck's pride was seriously harmed, if not totally cleared out by men who utilized devices to control him. Regardless of how frequently Buck attempted to rush, he would simply be stifled into accommodation toward the end. At the point when Buck showed up at his goal, there was snow all over the place, also the majority of Husky and wolf hounds. Buck was tossed into a pen with a man who had a club. This is the place Buck would learn one of the two most significant laws that a pooch could know in the Klondike. The law of club is very basic, if there is a man with a club, a pooch would be in an ideal situation not to challenge that man. Buck took in this law after he was beaten half to passing by the man who had the club. regardless of what he attempted, he just couldn't win. Eject was offered to a man who put him in a bridle associated with numerous different mutts. Buck was awful from the outset, yet in the end, he took in the method of follow what's more, trail. Buck needed to learn numerous things if he somehow managed to make due in this cold land. He needed to figure out how to rest under the day off, to eat his food as quick as

Cloud Computing Cloud Vendor

Question: Portray about the Cloud Computing for Cloud Vendor. Answer: Presentation Administration Level Agreement (SLA) appraisal strategy ought to be performed when the associations execute new and imaginative Cloud Model structure for their finance and record trade framework. This examination incorporates the investigation of various parts of the distributed computing fundamental for the Child Protection record trade and finance framework. The paper likewise features the interest of the Remote Administration (RM), SLA Assessment, and Resource Management (RM). This examination also talks about Resilience, Data Backup Procedure just as Disaster Recovery technique for the associations Child Protection for the cloud model utilized in its record trade and finance frameworks. This report reads the appraisals necessary for the Service Level Agreement (SLA) Assessment just as Technical Management and furthermore the rules of SLA to quantify the Service Level Agreement Assessment for the picked cloud merchant. Remote Administration and SLA Management SLA the executives implies reported agreement just as a recorded understanding between the two substances, for example, between the association and the merchant. This reported agreement expresses the kind of benefits and additional advantages that the specialist organization is going to offer to the association. This agreement or archive likewise unmistakably clarifies the various sorts of fines and punishments that will most likely be forced on the distributed computing specialist co-op if the seller neglects to offer the guaranteed types of assistance which are referenced in the agreement and those fines and punishments will be paid to the Child Protection with no queries(Rajarajeswari Aramudhan, 2014). Asset Management RM implies the productive and successful sending and assignment of the associations resources at whatever point and any place required. The assets incorporate budgetary resources, dissemination, human abilities, stock, and task resources. Asset Management is the principle part of the task the executives. The target of RM is to improve the general income, improve the shopper fulfillment levels, and overhaul the billable usage of the Child Protection (Nikolow, 2012) Remote Administration The product which is used for the Remote Accessing is incredibly well known and normal and, if regardless when customers are absent on the PC frameworks they can without much of a stretch access the framework from their present area. The interest of the Remote Administration (RA) is to totally control the PC framework from anyplace and whenever in the whole world (Rane Sarma, 2015). The remote organization likewise redesigns its capacities by coordinating itself into the distributed computing foundation that gives some additional advantages to the workers of Child Protection in taking care of and controlling the undertakings and working the PC frameworks from remote areas (Katsikogiannis, Mitropoulos, Douligeris, 2013). Reinforcement and DR Catastrophe Recovery Choice of the Cloud Service Vendor: There are various help merchants who offer cloud administrations, accordingly, it is important to choose the best cloud administration seller for the undertaking. An assortment of the information: Child Protection requires to assemble the data necessary for working and putting away at this stage. Along these lines, the way toward gathering data needs to ensure that there is the finished security of the information on the cloud organize. The transfer speed of the organization plan: The necessities of the prior database arrangement of Child Protection, and its association is analyzed in this stage (Paschke Bichler, 2008). Information Backup The procedure of Data Backup suggests an internal method for the cloud-based work area framework. The apparatuses and procedures essential for use of information reinforcement are RAID. This procedure of information reinforcement is quicker just as better that is the motivation behind why it is chosen to totally reinforcement the associations information. At the point when fiasco recuperation and information reinforcement systems are thought about, information reinforcement methodology ends up being helpful on the grounds that the maintenance time is high in the Child Protection. Information Backup has a high drive disappointment and adaptation to non-critical failure ability so as to offer better help (Jackson, 2012). Strength Strength is used to quickly recoup the data or information. Flexibility insinuates the capacity to recoup from the issues of the whole server, server farms, stockpiling structures, and systems. Flexibility works when there is a breakdown of devices and if there are interferences. It is gotten through the different inward framework just as parts and by empowering the server farms. The flexibility is arranged when the planning of the assignment is displayed, and it likewise makes the relationship between the server farms for calamity plan and catastrophe recuperation (Carstensen, Morgenthal, Golden, 2012). SLA Assessment SLA helped cloud administration merchants in expanding their quality and estimation of administrations they accommodate overseeing cloud foundations and peaceful framework of the business the board. SLA is a kind of administration organization structure which sets up a two-way duty or responsibility for the administrations, commonly concurred by the seller and the purchaser. It is really an understanding that chronicles operational just as relational associations, develops regular wants, and gives a standard to evaluate exhibitions. Possibility arranging of SLA relies upon the record of the explanations behind system disappointments. Plausible origination for the system disappointment should be checked totally, and the changes in substitute plan should be finished by the clients needs. Distributed computing and the assessment of its danger has a basic influence in the efficient organization. The assessment of hazard the executives strategies helps in disposing of the likelihood of th reats that can happen in the arranging and planning period of any cloud-based framework utilized in the business. Associations go through such structures to set and achieve higher customer and delegate satisfaction assessments (Valarmathi Uthariaraj, 2013). The approval to get to the benefits with the help of various cloud administrations ought to be practiced by the execution of SLA. The investigation incorporates the investigation of various elements and parts of the dangers or threats that can happen while building up the cloud-based finance and record trade framework in the Child Protection. Such kind of models and methods can be used for the short assessment of the hazard factors remembered for the cloud based framework (Bhoj, Singhal, Chutani, 2001). The owners just as administrators who oversee the administration arrangement of the Child Protection need to ensure that there is access to the information put away in the cloud model. Distributed computing, just as capacity struc tures, ought to have total intending to recuperate the disappointment of the framework (SLA-Driven Dynamic Resource Management System for Private Clouds, 2013). End The information of the Child Protection is basic and it ought to be overseen and controlled with a suitable and appropriately made sure about way. The Child Protection should consistently put the delicate information in any of the private or secure spots to maintain a strategic distance from a hacking episodes which can influence the information exactness. In the event that the association goes with SLA Assessment to make sure about its information, at that point it is the obligation of the SLA the board to totally make sure about the basic just as touchy information and spot it secretly. This report presumes that Child Protection ought to embrace SLA Assessment as a help model. It is likewise reasoned that SLA Assessment, Disaster Recovery, and Data Backup techniques help in controlling and dealing with the applications, equipment just as programming prerequisites and it additionally assists with checking the whole distributed computing environmental factors cautiously. References An improved computerized, appropriated, SLA for dynamic framework the board in genuine cloud condition utilizing SEQ-BP(R)M calculation. (2015).Ces. Bhoj, P., Singhal, S., Chutani, S. (2001). SLA the board in unified environments.Computer Networks,35(1), 5-24. Jackson, K. (2012).OpenStack distributed computing cookbook. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. Katsikogiannis, G., Mitropoulos, S., Douligeris, C. (2013). Approach based QoS the board for SLA-driven versatile routing.Journal Of Communications And Networks,15(3), 301-311. Nikolow, D., S?ota, R., Lakovic, D., Winiarczyk, P., Pogoda, M., Kitowski, J. (2012). The executives strategies in SLA-Aware conveyed stockpiling systems.Computer Science,13(3), 35. Paschke, A. Bichler, M. (2008). Information portrayal ideas for robotized SLA management.Decision Support Systems,46(1), 187-205. Rajarajeswari, C. Aramudhan, M. (2014). Positioning Model for SLA Resource Provisioning Management.International Journal Of Cloud Applications And Computing,4(3), 68-80. Rane, D. Sarma, M. (2015). CSLAT: a SLA layout for cloud administration management.International Journal Of Communication Networks And Distributed Systems,14(1), 19. SLA-Driven Dynamic Resource Management System for Private Clouds. (2013).International Journal Of Information Processing And Management,4(4), 97-108. Valarmathi, J. Uthariaraj, V. (2013). SLA Based Trust Management for a Pervasive Environment.Information Technology Journal,12(12), 2296-2305.

Symptoms of the Subtypes of OCD and Related Disorders

Symptoms of the Subtypes of OCD and Related Disorders OCD Types Print The Types of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Subtypes of OCD and Related Disorders By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on August 26, 2019 More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand 5 Symptom Subtypes of OCD Related Disorders OCD in Kids Treatment for OCD View All Back To Top The ways in which symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are experienced varies widely from person to person. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides a broad definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder that includes the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that cause major distress or disruption to daily living. Clinicians and researchers suggest that OCD can be divided into different types based on the nature of the symptoms experienced.?? Verywell / Emily Roberts 5 Symptom Subtypes of OCD Although specific symptom types appear to be relatively stable over time, it is possible to experience a change in the nature and focus of your symptoms. Additionally, although the majority of your symptoms might be consistent with a particular symptom subtype, it is possible to experience symptoms of other types at the same time.?? Contamination Obsessions With Washing/Cleaning Compulsions:  If you are affected by this symptom subtype, you will usually focus on feelings of discomfort associated with contamination and wash or clean excessively to reduce these feelings of distress. For example, you might feel that your hands are dirty or contaminated after touching a doorknob or worry that you will contaminate others with your germs. To get rid of these feelings, you might wash your hands repeatedly for hours at a time.Harm Obsessions With Checking Compulsions: If you experience this symptom subtype, you will often have intense thoughts related to possible harm to yourself or others and use checking rituals to relieve your distress. For example, you might imagine your house burning down and then repeatedly drive by your house to make sure that there is no fire. Or, you may feel that by simply thinking about a disastrous event, you are increasing the likelihood of such an event actually happening.Obsessions Withou t Visible Compulsions: This symptom subtype often relates to unwanted obsessions surrounding sexual, religious, or aggressive themes. For example, you could experience intrusive thoughts about being a rapist or that you will attack someone. You may often use mental rituals such as reciting particular words, counting in your head or praying to relieve the anxiety you experience when you have these involuntary thoughts. Triggers related to obsessions are usually avoided at all costs.Symmetry Obsessions With Ordering, Arranging, and Counting compulsions:  When experiencing this subtype, you feel a strong need to arrange and rearrange objects until they are just right. For example, you might feel the need to constantly arrange your shirts so that they are ordered precisely by color. This symptom subtype can also involve thinking or saying sentences or words over and over again until the task is accomplished perfectly. Sometimes these ordering, arranging, and counting compulsions are car ried out to ward off potential danger. For example:  If I arrange my desk perfectly my husband won’t die in a car accident. However, this is not always the case.Hoarding:  Hoarding is now recognized as a distinct diagnosis in the DSM-5. Hoarding involves the collection of items that are judged to be of limited value by others such as old magazines, clothes, receipts, junk mail, notes, or containers. Often your living space becomes so consumed with clutter that it becomes impossible to live in. Hoarding is often accompanied by obsessional fears of losing items or possessions that may be needed one day and excessive emotional attachment to objects. People affected by the hoarding symptom subtype will tend to experience higher anxiety and depression than people with other subtypes and are often are unable to maintain steady employment. Importantly, compulsive hoarding can occur independently of OCD. Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders The DSM-5 included new definitions or moved these disorders to this category.?? Skin Pricking Disorder (Excoriation):  This disorder was also recognized as a distinct diagnosis in the DSM-5. It is persistent pricking at your skin that results in lesions, infections, and clinically significant distress. It is prevalent in approximately 1 to 2 percent of the population.Hair-Pulling Disorder (trichotillomania): In this OCD-related disorder, you have a strong urge to pull the hair from your head, eyebrows, eyelashes, or elsewhere on your body. It is usually treated with habit-reversal training and cognitive-behavioral therapy.Body Dysmorphic  Disorder:  This disorder is a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others. The criteria include that you have performed repetitive behaviors of grooming or checking your appearance or have mental acts such as constantly comparing your appearance to others. Muscle dysmorphia is a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder in which you think your body is too small or not muscular enough.OCD and Related Disorders Induced By a Substance/Medication or Due to Another Medical Condition:  Exposure to certain substances and medications can induce the development of OCD symptoms.?? There also are certain medical and neurological conditions that can be associated with the development of the disorder. In addition, although it is not uncommon for new mothers to experience a wide array of emotions following the arrival of a new child, the postpartum period has long been known to be a time of increased risk for the appearance, worsening, or recurrence of mood and anxiety disorders. A number of studies have suggested that the postpartum period may also present a risk for the onset or worsening of OCD.?? OCD in Kids Although many people think of OCD as a disorder that affects only adults, a similar percentage of children are also affected. While there are many similarities between adult-onset and childhood-onset OCD, there are also many important differencesâ€"particularly with respect to treatment and the nature of symptoms. Although we usually think of OCD as being caused by a combination of stress, genetic factors, and an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, there is growing evidence that a specific form of childhood OCD may actually be an autoimmune disorder.?? In pediatric autoimmune  neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS),  children develop OCD or tic disorders suddenly after a strep infection (such as strep throat) or scarlet fever  or have a worsening of already existing OCD symptoms. Studies at the National Institute of Mental Health have shown that a strep infection can produce cross-reactive anti-brain antibodies that produce the symptoms of PANDAS in children between age 3 and puberty. Treatment for OCD Choosing a course treatment for OCD depends on several factors, including: What has worked in the pastYour attitudes toward medicationYour motivation to undergo exposure response prevention (ERP) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)The severity of your symptomsThe presence of other disorders such as depression In general, most OCD types respond to some combination of cognitive-behavior therapy, exposure-response prevention, and medication.?? An important exception may be hoarding, which does not seem to improve with medication but does seem to respond to psychotherapy. Nevertheless, it may be useful for you to discuss with your psychologist or physician the ways in which ERP, CBT, and medication can be adjusted for maximum benefit based on your symptoms. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell If you have symptoms of OCD or its related disorders, see your health care provider as there is treatment available. You are not the only person with one of these disorders. You will find support and get the help you need to relieve yourself of these symptoms.

Diversified Inc. Recovery of Value of Appliance Inventory - 275 Words

Diversified Inc. Recovery of Value of Appliance Inventory (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: GAAP ResearchNameInstitutional affiliationMemorandumToFromDateSubject: Diversified Inc. - Recovery of Value of Appliance InventoryEconomic Object AssumptionThe economic entities like the home appliance division manufacturers, food product division and high fashion division ought to keep their financial records distinctly. This means even if the entities need to be collectively entered into records, each economic occurrence should have its distinctive entityCash Unit AssumptionIn the company, some negligible or small transactions need not to appear in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s transactions records i.e. only substantive dealings are included in records.An example from this company is where the reduction in the market value of the products in the third quarter was offset by high-profit margins in High fashion division ought not to have been written down.The Rule of Full DisclosureIt is expected that the institution previous successes and failures be captured in financial records despite the fact that the institutions monetary status may be affected. In this Diversified Inc case, the High divisions past performance in terms of negative publicity due to the distribution of defective switches is captured.The Assumption of TimeDepending on the duration of company existence, which may be months or years, the outcome of business operations need to be reported, hence the need for artificial time durations. To minimize problems of gauging the period during which the company is profitable, the whole expense in that period need not to be reported. Provided the period is known, GAAP can be used to record and account for it.Accounting on Accrual Basis.This type of account...

Does Parenting Style Matter It seems that way. Essay

Every year, thousands of families welcome a new baby into their home. New parents today only want what is best for their children. The upcoming years are spent watching Disney movies, going to parks, taking vacations, and taking countless photographs of the new infant. As the child grows older, parents begin to develop their own style of parenting. Almost all those children brought into the world get to experience what it is to have a loving family, but for a small percentage, life is not so easy. While every parent’s intentions are the same, the parenting style they develop can have a great impact on their child. Parents with a more controlling parenting style often raise children with less confidence in themselves, a fear to express†¦show more content†¦The parent allows the child to regulate his or herself as much as possible and if expectations are not met punishments rarely follow. Also the little rules and regulation as well as everything else is thoroughly exp lained and discussed with the child. Overall if the child disagrees, he/she is often accommodated and given what they want (Dewar, 2014). Located roughly in the middle of these two styles lies authoritative parenting. Authoritative parenting is an even balance of authoritarian and permissive. Authoritative styles have many rules and regulations and overall expectations of the child. Typically, the rules are discussed with the child and if believed to be fair, are negotiable. If expectations have not been met, the child will be spoken to and have the situation explained on how to improve for future events (Gwen Dewar, 2014). Punishments do exist in this style but rather than making the child fear them, they are given punishments to â€Å"remember and learn†. As opposed to authoritarians’ the child will be allowed to state his opinion and is given the opportunity to question things. Over time, many studies have achieved a common objective; to group parenting behaviors into related clusters called parenting styles. Parenting styles, according to a 2007 article in the â€Å"Journal of Education and Human Development,† are a mixture of demandingness and responsiveness. Authoritarian parents areShow MoreRelatedNo Perfect Parenting By Frederick Douglass Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesNo Perfect Parenting Frederick Douglass once said, â€Å"It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.† Parents want the best for their children. The dream is always to raise a happy and successful child. However, with so much external information from the media and other parents, it’s hard to know what is truly the best for a child. With thousands of years of parenting experience under the belt of human history, one pay expect that a perfect style of parenting had been found. HoweverRead MoreParenting Styles And Presenting A United Front895 Words   |  4 PagesParenting Styles and Presenting a United Front By Shonda Kellams | Submitted On August 02, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Shonda Kellams So what exactly does a united front mean? WeRead MoreTerm Papers1107 Words   |  5 PagesParenting in 2015, spanking or timeout, harsh discipline or no dessert tonight, going to school or home schooling, so many options to be a good or great parent, from traditional to all out crazy, parenting in today’s world is not what grandma could of ever imagined. A parent’s goal is to give their children all the best in life, encouraging them to excel in everything they do, but what happens when that parent goes above and beyond, and not in a positive socially excepting way. The differenceRead MoreBeing A Child Of The 90 s Full House Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesimmediately referenced parenting styles to the episode where DJ Tanner punishes her son a little differently than Kimmy Gibler punishes her daughter, although the â€Å"committed the same crime.† I am hoping to dissect this exact scene, and discuss DJ parenting style towards her son. I find the parenting styles really interesting, specifically the four we discussed in module four and I really want to focus on that here. Earlier in the course, we discussed Darling four parenting styles and for some reasonRead MoreTraditional Parenting Styles Are Distinct And Share Extremely Opposing Views1600 Words   |  7 Pagespopular parenting styles are extremely opposite, so controversy is bound to rise. These two styles are known as â€Å"Western† and â€Å"Chinese†, and each one has significant supports saying their respective style is superior. The Chinese style is seen as a no nonsense approach and has even been dubbed the â€Å"tiger† style due to its strict and harsh nature. On the other hand, the Western style offers a free-flowing environment where parents are more relaxed with the handling of their children. Both parenting stylesRead More Parenting Styles Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesParenting Styles Parenting styles are as diverse as parents themselves. Parenting is one of the most challenging and difficult responsibilities a person can face. The way a family is structured is called the parenting style. Parenting styles are collections of parental attitudes, practices, and non-verbal expressions that characterize the nature of parent-child relationships. Because individuals learn how to parent from many different examples including their own parents, role models, societyRead MoreEssay on Parenting in Different Aspects1012 Words   |  5 Pagesparents are more worried about their child’s self esteem and if the hurt there feeling or not. As far as the Chinese mothers’ ways of parenting being an effective way of parenting, I would have to say that it may be it is. I don’t think that I would take it to the extreme like they do, but also something determination is the key to success. The Chinese mothers’ ways of parenting may be effective, because it will teach them discipline and it will make their children strive for greater success and toRead MoreEssay on Turning a Challenge Into an Opportunity1010 Words   |  5 Pagesolder teens, but research is showing that the traditional teenage years are not when you will have most of your conflict with them (Parent). While it is true that there are various stages in the growth of a child when conflict is likely to occur, it seems unfair not to prepare parents for those years in early adolescence, when you have an opportunity to really set the tone and boundaries. The research is in: levels of conflict are highest during early the adolescence ages of 10-12 (Parent). I haveRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Harsh-Heart and Easy-Going Parenting Styles1476 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss household rules and their importance to the family dynamics. Although both forms of parenting are completely different, both ways have their own advantages and disadvantages. Well first off to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the parenting styles between the Harsh-Hearts and the Easy-Goings, their styles of child rearing must be categorized first. Child-rearing are combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations. There are four different categoriesRead MoreAttachment Theory Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesattachment theory. It is a theory developed to explain the emotional ties that children had with their parents or caregivers. It was believed that a child’s attachment style with a caregiver was developed throughout childhood and influenced how an individual interacts with society. It also gave an indication on what their parenting styles might be like, although this was not always a concrete indication. Bowlby’s theory provided the basis on which Mary Ainsworth also worked on and developed. In the 1970’s

The Cuban Legend of the Owl and the Sijú Essay - 807 Words

The Owl and the Sijà º The legend of La lechuza y el sijà º (The Owl and the Sijà º) is a popular and old Cuban legend. I collected this legend on March 17th, when I first talked to Denise Corte, my co-worker at my campus job, about this particular class assignment. She is a Brazilian doctoral student whose thesis is based on a Cuban theater group. She traveled to Cuba to follow this theater group that primarily focuses their plays on Cuban legends. When she heard about my assignment she was enthusiastic, as her dissertation is based on the exploration of Cuban legends. She generously told me about a legend that she had included in her own work, concerning an owl and a sijà º, a nocturnal bird native to Cuba. This legend was told to her in†¦show more content†¦Since then, concludes the legend, on the tree of eternal truths-which to liars is no different than any other tree-the princess, converted into an owl, watches over the night and the sijà º, her lover, whistles to let her know that he is back. Ms. Corte told me this legend is important in the context of the religion of Santeria, which I explored further in research. This legend is part of the Cuban religion known as Santeria, which means the way of the Saints. This religion formed in Cuba when West Africans were transported to Cuba as slaves. They combined their African religion with Catholicism, forming Santeria. This religion focuses on spirits (Ayorinde). The Santeria religion is based on beliefs that there are forces of nature (or parts of God) who deal with the affairs of men on earth, and the governing of the universe in general (Brown). Furthermore, the Santeria religion relies heavily on different classes of being in order for humans to enhance their health, life, and fortune (Clark). Cubans use legends such as The Owl and the Sijà º to show how humans, nature, and the spirit world are all linked to each other. This legend can help outsiders gain a better understanding of the Santeria religion and its meaning. The main theme of the legend of The Owl and the Sijà º, is eternal love. The legend shows that despite the passing of time and the transformation

The Impact Of Technology On Human Life - 1476 Words

Can you remember the last time you went a full day without touching your cellular device? Discussed all around the world is what type of impact technology has had on humans, a controversial issue that has been whether seen in a positive or in a negative way. On the one hand, some argue that technology has caused humans to lose important abilities. On the other hand, however, others argue that technology has allowed us to move through everyday life in a faster pace. The best perspective on this issue, is reflected by Nicholas Carr in his book The Shallows when he writes, â€Å"Karp, Friedman, and Davis--all well educated men with a keenness for writing--seem fairly sanguine about the decay of their faculties for reading and concentrating. All†¦show more content†¦Before the typewriter, women were not seen very often in an office environment but after the creation, women obtain more than half of typist positions. The development of the typewriter had a positive impact on the people of its decade because it allowed them to have an increase in their way of communication and a change in their social work environment. But the typewriter was not all positive, it had some negatives that came along with it. The negatives of the typewriter was the price and the physical form. But just like Carr stated on page 8, the positives outweighed the negatives. This invention of the typewriter is also the stepping point, leading to the creation of the computer. This creation sparked the inventors of technology with ideas that would later affect the people in a whole new way. The current increase in the development of information and technology has also had a positive impact on people. Technology has become a daily part of everybody’s life. People use technology daily because of the advantages that follow the usage. These advantages include â€Å"easy access to information, encourage innovation, improve communication, convenience of technology, improved lifestyle, social networking, changed heath industry, and productivity† (Ramey, 2012). An example of a piece of technology that has currently increased its development over the years is the IPhone. The IPhone has allowed its owners to have an easy access to a lot of informationShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On Human And Animal Life1067 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is one of the great areas that have a great impact on human and animal life. It has dramatically changed the society. Many people across the globe use and benefit from modern technology, and the vast opportunities that it provides play an important role in almost all fields of life. It has simplified access to education, industry, communication, transport and even medicine. Over the years, technology was employed as a tool for improving survival. However, in the current world, technologyRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Human Life And Improvement Of The Socio Economic Relations1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of technology is worldwide domineering owing to its impact on human life and improvement of the socio-economic relations worldwide. For instance, the wireless communication involving mobile phones and computers are the fastest diffusing globally. This has given technology a lot of popularity among the teens and the youths. One thing we have to agree on is that technology cannot be done away with from students since it helps them in preparing for the real world. Therefore, for them to be relevantRead MoreHigh Dependence On Social Media Technology1648 Words   |  7 Pageshigh dependen ce on social media technology in daily human interaction and sharing of information. This has shaped the social interactions and development of personal relationships of people more so teenagers. Individuals in the modern society use social media technology extensively, which has caused significant change in time people spend in alternative activities. That is, given a time constraint of 24 hours in a day, time spent in using social media technology is drawn from another activity likeRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Family Time1623 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: the impact of technology on family time Do you think technology has changed the way of communication? Is technology slowly taking over people live and affecting their personal relationship? Have we become addicted to the technology that surrounds us everyday and it has sucked us into it? Technology is a use of scientific knowledge for improving the way to do things. It has been playing an important role in our life. It is common today, many developed countries are using high technology to runRead MoreTechnology Importance1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Technology, which was always debatable, has now become more controversial. The substantial influence of Technology on our lives has sparked the recent controversy over the potential impact of this trend. It can be agreed that Technology has a profound impact on many communities, however some people claim that it had an adverse impact on many societies. This essay will elaborate both positive and negative aspects of technology on our lives and thus lead to a lo gical conclusion. Read MoreImpact Of Technology On The Development Of Civilization1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn contemporary society, science has played a more pivotal role than technology in the development of civilization. The purpose of science is to develop a vast breadth and depth of data and knowledge to enable us to understand why things are the way they are (Oberdan 26). On the other hand, technology is used to improve real problems based on justified beliefs and organizational systems (Oberdan 28). Without the knowledge and understanding of science, innovation would be lessened and society wouldRead MoreHow Technology Can Interfere With A Human s Health And Development1287 Words   |  6 Pagesis describing a mind being engaged in the internet. With the technology world advancing constantly, one thing is on society’s mind; â€Å"Am I up to date with my device?† Once they realize they may be out of touch of what’s going on, they start to spend their money on what they don ’t need. There comes a point when technology gets extravagant and becomes a negative force when it impacts human development. A tremendous amount of technology can interfere with a human’s health and development. For exampleRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Human Health1479 Words   |  6 PagesINFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN HEALTH Riddhi S. Patel California Baptist University Influence of Technology on Human Health Modern Technology The aspire to make life less demanding is all because of technology advancements. Because of Modern technology individuals way of life is ameliorating, helps incrementing relaxation time, help getting rid of neediness, and prompt a more prominent assortment of item. Assumption of enormous opportunities, a basic need of human life are given by technologies. TheRead MoreTechnology Is Transforming Us Economy1717 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology is Transforming the U.S economy A Review of the Literature Over the past decades, technology, social and economic changes have revolutionized the structure of the American community. Every day the technology is changing, new inventions and new knowledge are developing. The transformation that is happening is changing the life of many families in the United States. These changes are for a better future. However, the cost is that many institutions and business are being left behind. PeopleRead MoreGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 Pagesmany aspects of human life, it is a process of change, the process of collaboration and integration among the people and businesses of different nations, it is a process propelled by trade, investment and technology. The process of globalization has great purpose for bring people together and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the enviro nment due to human productivity; cars

Abraham Lincoln Essay - 1937 Words

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. When he was two, the Lincoln’s moved a few miles to another farm on the old Cumberland Trail. A year later, his mother gave birth to another boy, Thomas, but he died a few days later. When Lincoln was seven his family moved to Indiana. In 1818, Lincoln’s mother died from a deadly disease called the â€Å"milk-sick.† Then ten years later his sister died and left him with only his father and stepmother. Lincoln traveled to New Salem in April 1831 and settled there the following July. In the fall of 1836 he and Mrs. Bennett Abell had a deal that if she brought her single sister to New Salem he had to promise to marry her. When she arrived he was not†¦show more content†¦In November he won but resigned because he wanted a seat in the United States Senate, where he thought he could make a real difference. He was defeated by Lyman Trumbull but in 1856, Lincoln was helping to create a new political party in Illinois called the Republicans. The new party’s first and primary goal was to prevent Democrat James Buchanan from winning the Presidency, it failed. Then two days after Buchanan’s inauguration the Supreme Court ruled the Missouri Compromise â€Å"unconstitutional† and denied that Negros could never be considered American citizens. On June 16, 1858 the Illinois State Republican Convention nominated Lincoln to run against Stephen Douglas for the United States Senate. The seven Lincoln-Douglas debates during the late summer and fall of 1858 were the highlight of the campaign, in towns all over the state. Ten thousand people attended the opening three-hour debate in Ottawa, Illinois, and there were fifteen thousand at the second in Freeport. Douglas won the Senate race, but the debates launched Lincoln on his own path to presidency. In 1861, on March 4 Lincoln was inaugurated as President. Lincoln’s first official act was the appointment of John G. Nicolay as his private secretary. One month after he had taken office he got word that the 6th Massachusetts Infantry was on its way to defend Washington, which had been attacked by a Baltimore mob leavingShow MoreRelatedWheres Abraham Lincoln in Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter?542 Words   |  2 Pagesnovels Pride and Prejudge and Zombies and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Grahame-Smith has collaborated on two film adaptations, Dark Shadows, and his own novel, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Seth Grahame-Smith and his wife, Erin, live in California with their two children Jacob and Joshua. Currently Grahame-Smith’s novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is being adapted for film, and Smith is said to be writing a sequel/ spin off of Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, staring Henry Struges. BothRead MoreEssay Abraham Lincoln1426 Words   |  6 Pages As the 16th president, Abraham Lincoln was known to be the greatest American President. He guided his country through one of the most catastrophic experiences in its history, the Civil War. He was a very unique president, being the first president to have a beard, being the tallest president standing at 6’4 and also being the first to be assassinated. Abe Lincoln accomplished many things in the 4 year term he had served before being assassinated. With his intelligence and hard work, he madeRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln928 Words   |  4 PagesP. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (Southern Illinois University Press, 2008). †¢ David Herbert Donald, We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (Simon Schuster, 2004). †¢ Roy Morris Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln’s Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America (Bison Books, 2010). 5. Similar Articles: †¢ Mary Frances Berry, â€Å"Lincoln and Civil Rights for Blacks,† Volume 2, Issue 1, 1980, pp. 46-57 (Journal of The Abraham Lincoln Association)Read MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln754 Words   |  4 PagesValenzuela 1 Issac Valenzuela Mrs. Barr 7th Grade Literature May 24, 2016 The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born and raised in a log cabin. He was born on February 12, 1809. His mother was a great Christian. She often told them stories from the Bible. One day, Lincoln’s mother died of poisoned milk when he was only nine. Abraham Lincoln was one of the tallest presidents in our history. He was six feet, four inches tall. When he was elected president, he started theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1521 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. Largely self-educated, he becameRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln861 Words   |  4 PagesAppomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believedRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the U.S (1861-1865) who brought the Union to victory in the Civil War. Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. His father was Thomas Lincoln and his mother was Nancy Hanks, both were pioneer farmers. When Abraham Lincoln was two they moved to nearby Knob Creek, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 Abraham Lincoln’s father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kind widow who gained Abraham Lincoln’s friendship. Abraham Lincoln grew upRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead MoreThe War Of Abraham Lincoln906 Words   |  4 Pageselection of Abraham Lincoln. South Caroline issued the â€Å" Declaration of the Causes of Secession† because they believed Lincoln was anti-slaver (Bartels). However during the most consequential period in American history, on November 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the sixteenth president of the United States and the first Republican President. As the commander in chief the union army, Lincoln needed to bring an end to the war and reunite the nation. On November 19, 1863 Abraham Lincoln gave one ofRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages Abraham Lincoln, from the backwoods of Hodgenville Kentucky, rose to become one of the greatest presidents of the United States. During his attempt to keep the Union in the Civil War, h e gained more power and authority than any president before him. A excellent politician, Lincoln was always looked upon for leadership for he put reason and thoughtful decisions behind his word.Abraham Lincoln, born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks on February 12, 1809, was conceived in a log cabin built by his father

Romeo and Juliet Persuasive Free Essays

Who Truly is to Blame? Choosing between telling the truth and keeping a secret are both hard decisions to make. In the play, Romeo and Juliet, these decisions can make or break a situation. The play is all about secrets kept and truths to be told, which end up causing the death of the star-crossed lovers. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Persuasive or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story between the two lovers is that their affection for one another is a secret to each opposing houses. Was the secret worth keeping? As some characters helped disguise the love, others couldn’t keep it a secret. Romeo and Juliet were betrayed by a close friend who made plans that ended up fraudulent to both Romeo amp; Juliet, when the real job was to keep the love alive. Friar Lawrence is the definite reason for the deaths of the ill-fated lovers. Friar Lawrence was a helpful attribute to the secreted love affair. As he married Romeo amp; Juliet, he passionately supported their decision. â€Å"You shall not stay alone, till holy church incorporate two in one†(841). Friar gave true evidence to him supporting the marriage. If Friar had not thought he could keep the marriage a secret, why would he have performed the ceremony? If Friar had not supported the secret and prevented the love from occurring, the deaths of the paramours could have been prohibited. Friar Lawrence performing the ceremony just goes to show he did not put in mind what could happen to the safety of Romeo amp; Juliet. Friar Lawrence seemed to have a plan for Romeo to return back to his love. â€Å"Ascend to her chamber, hence and comfort her. But look thou shalt live till we can find a time to blaze you marriage, reconcile your friends, beg pardon of the prince, and call thee back with twenty hundred thousand times more joy than thou went’st forth in lamination†(863). Briefly, Friar showed his full plan for presenting Romeo amp; Juliet’s marriage to both the Capulet and Montague houses. In general, Friar should have either never agreed to the marriage or should have kept it a secret from everyone to prevent Romeo’s sudden banishment and Juliet’s heartbreak. Friar’s plan did not help as went planned, it damaged the situation. Therefore, Friar Lawrence contributed another reason why he is responsible for the death of Romeo amp; Juliet. Numerous people believe that Friar Lawrence was at the helm for the quietus of Romeo amp; Juliet, while others have a difference of opinion. People have confidence that Lord Capulet is to charge for the deaths. Capulet allegedly forced marriage upon Juliet causing her dejection. Also, Lord Capulet did not support Juliet’s decision to not marry Paris, being that he would disown his own pride and joy if she had chosen not to wed. Capulet’s dynamic ways made abounding people believe that he was the clue behind the deaths. However, Juliet’s father did attempt to postpone the exchange of vows to County Paris until he assumed Juliet was matured and prepared for the burden of marriage. As stated, â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world, she hath not seen change for fourteen years; Let two more summers wither in their pride, ere we may think her ripe to be a bride†(769). For that matter, Capulet only tried to be a virtuous father and do what was best for his daughter, but easily letting pressure and royalty run his decisions. On the other hand, Friar Lawrence was secretive and unfaithful as a priest and close friend. Friar tried to repair every problem which in the end made nobody happy. Both the Montagues and Capulets have lost their beloveds from a far past feud. Was it all worth losing? Friar was censurable for the loss of Romeo amp; Juliet. To summarize, Friar Lawrence was 100% at fault for the deaths of Romeo amp; Juliet. Between his poorly thought out plans, the pain he caused Verona, and how untruthful he was as a priest, he, in fact, let down Romeo amp; Juliet. He may have wanted the best for everyone and to make all happy, but he caused more problems than solutions. Consequently, all of the facts I have stated are tantamount to why Friar Lawrence is to blame for the unfortunate events. How to cite Romeo and Juliet Persuasive, Essays

An Objection to Mandatory Drug Testing in High Sch Essay Example For Students

An Objection to Mandatory Drug Testing in High Sch Essay ools for theParticipation ofExtra-Curricular Activities:Primarily Student AthletesFor LA: 401: Science, Technology, and Human ValuesSpring, 2004IntroductionWith the recent steroid a scandal in Major League Baseball, debatesover mandatory drug testing polices have sparked interest across thecountry. One issue that is highly controversial, but has taken a back seatin the in the debate, is the issue of mandatory drug testing policies inhigh schools. With teenage drug use on the rise in the 90s the federalgovernment and the United States Supreme Court gave the green light tomandatory drug testing policies for student athletes and participants ofextra-curricular activities. In this paper I hope to prove that mandatorydrug testing of student athletes and participants of extra-curricular atthe high school level is a well-meaning but wrong-headed approach to teendrug prevention. Although mandatory drug testing is necessary at the collegiate andprofessional levels of competition in order to ensure a level playing fieldamong athletes, to preserve the credibility and integrity of the particularsport, and to prevent and protect athletes from drug abuse, mandatory drugtesting should be removed at the high school level because mandatory drugtesting can have a negative effect on the classroom or team, is a waste ofvaluable school financial resources, may be a potential barrier to joiningextra-curricular activities because drug testing is typically aimed atstudents who want to participate in those activities, drug tests being usedby high schools have been known to give false positives, which could punishinnocent students, and may cause several unintended consequences such as:students turning to more dangerous drugs that are not detectable by thetests currently being used, students out smarting the tests, and studentslearning that they are assumed guilty until they a re proven innocent. DefinitionsAnabolic steroids are, synthetic substances related to male sexhormones (androgens). They promote growth of skeletal muscle (anaboliceffect) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgeniceffects). Users of anabolic steroids run the risk of stunted bone growth,permanent damage to the heart, liver, kidneys, and a known seventy othermajor physical and psychological side effects. Currently, anabolic steroidsare only legal in the United States by doctor prescription. Doctors usethese steroids to treat patients who have developed certain conditions thatforce the body to produce low amounts of testosterone, such as delaypuberty and some types of impotence, and also to treat body wasting inpatients with AIDS and other diseases. Finally, anabolic steroids aredifferent from steroidal supplements sold over the counter in the UnitedStates, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (known asAndro). Users buy theses supplements through commercial sources includinghealth food stores, because they believe the supplements have anaboliceffects. This supplement was made popular during Mark McGwires recordsetting home run season and the controversy surround his admittance ofusing the supplement. Currently, there are three common drug-testing methods employed bythe public school system, they include urinalysis test, hair follicle test,and the use of a sweat patch test. The urinalysis test is the most commontest used in high schools, primarily because of its low cost per a test,usually ranging from $10 to $30 per test, however with the relative lowcost comes several problems. The first is a urinalysis test cannot detectalcohol or tobacco uses, both are illegal at the high school age. Secondly,by using a urinalysis test a specimen has a possibility of beingadulterated. Finally, the urinalysis test is the most invasive of all drugtests because someone must be present when the specimen is collected. The second method of drug testing used by high schools is the hairfollicle test. The hair follicle test is the mot expensive test used byhigh schools at a cost of $60 to $75 per test. The test is limited to thefive basic drug panel, which include marijuana, cocaine, opiate,amphetamines, and PCP. The test cannot detect alcohol use or recent druguse. Even though the hair follicle test is look at to be one of the morereliable drug tests, it does have its share problems. The test tends to bediscriminatory: dark haired people are more likely to test positive thanblondes, and African-Americans are more likely to test positive thanCaucasians. In addition, exposure to drugs in the environment may lead tofalse positives, especially if those drugs are smoked. Finally, the third method of drug testing used by high schools is thesweat patch test. The sweat patch test is also relatively cheap at $20 to$30 per test. The sweat patch test is able to detect the most drugs of outof the three tests, but the test is plagued with several problems. First,very few labs in this country are able to process the results, which causesan inconvenience to school districts. Secondly, passive exposure to drugscould result in false positives, due to contamination of the patch. Finally, any individual with excessive body hair, scrapes or cuts, and skineruptions cannot wear the patch. New drug testing techniques are being developed to be more accurateand less invasive. One of theses new techniques is the saliva test. Thistest is said to be almost unbeatable because it uses a persons DNA. However, this test opens up new doors of controversy, because it looks deepinto ones past creating privacy issues and could open the door foremployers to genetically test for certain types of employees. Monitoring the Future is an ongoing study conducted by the institutefor Social Research at the University of Michigan, which surveys thebehaviors, attitudes, and values of American secondary school students,college students, and young adults. The study first began in 1975, whenabout 50,000 12th graders were surveyed. In 1991, 8th and 1oth graders wereadded to the survey. In addition to the survey, follow up questionnairesare mailed to a sample of each graduating class for a number of years afterthe initial survey. History of the IssueIn order to understand the mandatory drug testing issue completely,it is essential that we examine the background and history of eventscontributing to the establishment of mandatory drug testing of studentathletes and participates of extra-curricular activities in high schools. The testing of student athletes and extra-curricular participates did notbegin just recently. However: until recently, the debate of drug testingeffectiveness was minimal. Impact of the 60sIn the mid 1960s with the coming of age of the Baby Boom generationand counter-culture revolution brought narcotics into the mainstream ofAmericas culture. By the late 1960s middle-class youths and soldiersserving in Vietnam spurred on by popular music, had embraced certain drugslike marijuana, hallucinogens, and several others. In 1968, President Nixonwas elected president on a law-and-order platform that emphasized a crackdown on drug use. That same year mandatory drug testing was instituted bythe military, because of a growing number of drug addicted Vietnam vetsreturning home. War on DrugsIn 1970, Congress passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention andControl Act. This act significantly lessened penalties for possession ofmany drugs. A year later, President Nixon declared the first war ondrugs. In 1975, the University of Michigans Institute of Social Researchconducted the first of its series of Monitoring the Future studies onstudent drug use. In 1977, President Carter called for thedecriminalization of marijuana, but later he drops the idea. In 1979, druguse peaks and an anti-drug movement began, led mostly by parents. Just Say NoThe 1980s brought about many changes in the drug policy of theUnited States. The drug cocaine was gaining popularity, especially amongyoung, white, urban, professionals. In 1982, President Reagan declared asecond war on drugs. In July of 1985, an Arkansas court ruled that theexcessive intrusive nature of drug testing student athletes withoutreasonable suspicion is not justified by its need. On June 19, 1986,University of Maryland basketball star Len Bias died of a cocaine overdose,his death prompted almost immediate change, when it came to drug testing. A few months after Biass death, President Reagan and the first ladylaunched the national Just say no anti-drug campaign. President Reaganalso issued Executive Order 12564, calling for a drug free workplace inall federal agencies. In addition, in a symbolic gesture he and his senioradvisors provide urine samples to be tested for illegal drugs. Congressedfollowed suit and passed into law the Drug Free Schools and CommunitiesAct, which provide schools with funds to start anti-drug programs. ThePresident signed the law on Oct. 27, 1986. States across the country alsobegan to pass their own Drug Free School Zone laws. That same year,Biass death prompted the NCAA to approve mandatory drug testing for allits athletes. The late 80s brought on a continued focus on illegal drug use. In1988, President Bush established the White House Office of National DrugControl Policy. November 1988, Congress passed the Drug Free Work PlaceAct, which required all federal contractors or grant recipients to maintaindrug free work places. This prompted many employers begin to set voluntarytesting programs. This also leads to lawsuits brought by employees,claiming drug testing is a violation of individual privacy rights. Thecourts responded and allowed suspicion less drug testing. In 1989,President Bush unveils his National Drug Control Strategy, which encourageddrug for workplace policies in the private sector and in state and localgovernment. That same year the Supreme Court upholds random drug testingwhen a special need outweighs individual privacy rights, in the NationalTreasury Employees Union v. Von Raab decision. Roller Coaster 90sThe 1990s began with teen drug at an all time low and the expansionof drug testing policies. President Bush expanded the federal drug-testingprogram to include all White House personnel. In 1991, Congress passes theOmnibus Transportation and Employment Testing Act, which mandated drug andalcohol testing to 8 million private-sector pilots, drivers, and equipmentoperators. In 1992, President Clinton is elected and drug use beginsincreasing. Some say the increase was due to the Persian Gulf War and themedia, especially the recording industry, with messages of sex, drug, androck-and-roll. One of President Clintons first acts in the White House wasto expand on the drug testing policies of Presidents Reagan and Bush; hestarts by authorizing mandatory drug testing in prisons. In 1995, the United States Supreme Court gave the green light tomandatory drug testing of high school athletes. In the case of VeroniaSchool District v. Acton, the supreme court ruled that mandatory drugtesting in high school athletics programs was not an unreasonable search orseizure, nor was the testing an invasion of the student athletes privacy. The Supreme Court ruled that suspicion less; random urinalysis drug testingof high school athletes was justified because the drug crisis in the schooldistrict had reached epidemic proportions. In the four and half yearsprior to the case, the Veronica school district had found only 12 positivedrug tests. Ten years earlier the Supreme Court had struck down asunreasonable a New Jersey schools athlete drug testing program, in which28 student athletes tested positive for drugs in a single year. In the Veronia case Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the majority opinion;he was the same justice that wrote scornful dissent in the Von Raabdecision. Justice Scalia argued that student athletes have less privacyrights than the general student body because they dress and shower in closeproximity. Legitimate privacy expectations are even less with regard tostudent athletes. School sports are not for the bashful. They requiresuiting up before each practice or event, and showering and changingafterward. Public school locker rooms, the usual sites of these activities,are not notable for the privacy they afford. The locker rooms in Vernoniaare typical: no individual dressing rooms are provided; shower heads arelined up along the wall, unseparated by any sort of partition or curtain;not even all the toilet stalls have doors. Justice Scalia wrote. JusticeScalia went on to add that the increase of drug use by the student body waslargely fueled by the role model effect of athletes drug use.Curren t SituationIn 2001, Congress allocated $185 million to the Office of NationalDrug Control Policy for advertisements and campaign projects, in 2002 theadministration only asked for $180 million. On February 12 of 2002,President George W. Bush unveiled a $19 billion anti-drug package thataimed to cut drug use in the United States by 10 percent in two years andby 25 percent in five years. Also, the DARE program would receive $644million, $103 million less than it received in 2001. The decrease was dueto the program in recent years being ineffective and wasteful. PresidentBushs plan also called for more emphasis on treatment and prevention, andfederal grants for drug treatment would be increased by more than 6percent, to $3.8 billion for the fiscal year of 2003. Later that year theSupreme Court ruled on the landmark case of Board of Education ofIndependent School District No.92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls. In the case of the BOE v. Earls, the Supreme Court ruled that anOklahoma school policy of randomly drug testing students who participate incompetitive, non-athletic extra-curricular activities was in factconstitutional. In a 5-4 decision the court reversed a federal courtruling. Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the majority said that thecourt found such a policy a reasonably effective means of addressing theschool districts legitimate concerns in preventing, deterring, anddetecting drug use. In the dissent, Justice Ruth Ginsburg said the testingprogram was capricious, even perverse, infringing on the rights of astudent population least likely to be at risk from illicit drugs and theirdamaging effects.Clarification of the ProblemMandatory drug testing plays a vital role in protecting individualsand sports at both the collegiate and professional levels. Unfortunately,when mandatory drug testing is carried over to the high school level,several consequences arise. When teenage drug u se began to rise in the mid90s public school districts began to adopt mandatory drug testingpolicies, these policies have since been upheld as constitutional by theUnited States Supreme Court. However, research has shown that thesepolicies are unsuccessful at deterring drug use among teenagers and mayeven hamper the process. The reason is simple mandatory drug testingpolicies at the high school level are aimed at the students who are at theleast risk of abusing drugs the athletes and extra-curricular participants. Arguments For Removal of Mandatory Drug Testing at the High School LevelIt is extremely important for the government to remove mandatory drugtesting in high schools for student athletes and extra-curricularparticipates. Research has shown that mandatory drug testing at the highschool level is not effective for several reasons. Negative Impact on the Classroom or TeamThe first argument for the removal of mandatory drug testing at thehigh school level is that mandatory drug testing can have a negative effecton the classroom and on the team. Mandatory drug testing can underminestudent-teacher relationships by pitting students against teachers,administrators, school nurses, and coaches who have to test them, becauseit erodes trust between the student and the tester and leaves the studentfeeling ashamed and resentful. Whether a school district buys drug testdirectly from a manufacturer and administers the test themselves or has anindependent source brought in to administer the tests, someone must bepresent as the student urinates to be sure the sample is their own. Thiscollection process can be a humiliating violation of the students privacy,and can be especially embarrassing for adolescent. Music And Violence Argumentative EssayThis test alone raises questions on whether mandatory drug testing in highschools is a wise investment. Level Playing FieldA third objection to the removal of mandatory drug testing at thehigh school level is that mandatory drug testing is necessary at the highschool level to ensure a level playing field among athletes. The 2001Monitoring the Future study, showed an increase of steroid use between the8th and 12th grades. The tend also suggests that these adolescents perceivesteroids as a harmless way of bulking up and are unaware of the long termhealth risks involved with steroid abuse. Steroid use is also seen adramatic increase in the southern states. A 2001 survey conducted by theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention showed that 11.2% of high schoolboys in Louisiana and 5.7% of high school girls in Tennessee use steroids. With the current trend of rising steroid users among adolescents,some student athletes want mandatory drug testing to ensure a level playingfield. Ed Boos, supervisor of prevention, health, and wellness for the PolkCounty School District in Florida, said he has heard from student athletesthat support steroid testing because of the unfair advantage of performanceenhancing drugs give to those who use them. To date only a handful school districts perform tests that can detectthe use of steroids. One school district that does is the wealthy ParadiseValley School District in Phoenix, Arizona. They randomly administer $50urinalysis tests to students participating in everything from football tobadminton. Most of the tests conducted by other school districts only testfor the five basic drugs. The reason why school districts do not test forsteroids is the costs per test. A reliable steroid test can cost between$50 and $100 and that is for the test alone, it does not include thecollecting and handling of the test. Few schools are willing to spend thatkind of money on extra tests. Supreme CourtA fourth objection to the removal of mandatory drug testing at thehigh school level is mandatory drug testing of athletes and extra-curricular participants at the high school level was ruled to beconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. In the 1995 ruling inthe Veronia v. Acton case and the 2002 ruling in the Pottawatomie v. Earlscase the Supreme Court established precedent for the testing of studentathletes and extra-curricular participants at the high school level. In the Veronia v. Acton and Pottawatomie v. Earls the Supreme Courtruled it was constitutional to test student athletes and participants inextra-curricular activities. However, the court did not say that schoolsare required to test those involved in competitive extra-curricularactivities, drug testing of the entire student body or groups outside ofcompetitive extra-curricular activities was constitutional, it isconstitutional to drug test elementary students, it is constitutional totest by means other than urinalysis, and schools are protected fromlawsuits under their respective state law. When the Supreme Court made its rulings they were interpretingfederal law, however school districts are also subject to state law, whichmay provide greater protection for student privacy rights. Privacy lawsvary greatly from state to state and in many states the law has yet to bewell defined. In several states including: Arkansas, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan,Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, and Washington, lawsuits have been filedagainst school districts for their drug testing policies. These schooldistricts could spend thousands of taxpayers dollars and several yearsfighting lawsuits that have no guarantee of victory. Public PolicyWhat Is Being Done?Currently, the NCAA conducts test on their athletes annually. TheNCAA visits each university once a year and tests three or four varsityteams. The universities are then left up to test their athletes at theirdiscretion. The NCAA also randomly tests their athletes at NCAAchampionship events and before all football bowl games. Institutions thathave been randomly selected are notified by the NCAA 48 hours before thetesting is to be performed. The tests are conducted by the National Centerfor Drug Free Sport. Any athlete that tests positives may lose theireligibility for a year. The athlete could possibly lose his or herscholarship depending on the policy set forth by his or her institution. In the National Basketball Association, rookie players are tested upto four times a season. Veterans are subject to one test and that takesplace during training camp. The NBA prohibits the use of amphetamines,cocaine, LSD, opiates, PCP, marijuana, and steroids. Any player who testspositive on a drug test can face anywhere from game suspensions to alifetime ban. In the National Football League, steroid use is banned. Players arerandomly drug tested and those who test positive could face gamesuspensions. There is no mandatory drug testing policy in the National HockeyLeague. Mandatory drug testing is only conducted on players that arecurrently in the leagues substance abuse aftercare program. Players whoare abusers can seek help the first time with facing exposure orsuspension. In boxing, policies vary from state to state, though most do not testboxers. The state of Nevada began testing boxers in 2002 for use of illegalsteroids. Using the urinalysis test samples are checked for 25 differentsteroids. Currently the Professional Golf Association does not test itsathletes for performance enhancing drugs. The reason for this is there hasbeen no evidence that performance-enhancing drugs can improve a playersgame. However, they will begin to test for unfair clubs next year. Major League Baseball has come under scrutiny lately for its drugtesting policy. Starting next year all players will be tested for steroids. The first time a player tests positive, he will be placed in a treatmentprogram. For any subsequent positive tests the player will be fined between$10,000 and $100,000 and could be suspended from 30 days to a year withoutpay. Testing of all players will continue until positive tests drop below2.5% in two consecutive years. At the high school level a national survey conducted six years afterthe Veronia v. Acton ruling showed only 5% of school districts havemandatory drug testing policies for student athletes, and only 3% for extra-curricular participants. The survey indicated that mandatory drug testingwas most common in rural school districts. It also showed that no schooldistrict tests all their students and none of the ten largest schoolsystems in the United States have mandatory drug testing policies in place. Also, currently no school district tests for anabolic steroids, primarilybecause of the costs of tests. The justification for mandatory drug testingin school districts vary from school to school as much as drug testingpolicies themselves, but most school districts that decide not to testtheir students acknowledge that money is more wisely spent on education,counseling, and treatment. Today, several state legislatures have tabled or defeated bills thatwould allow mandatory drug testing in high schools over concerns of privacyconfidentiality, liability issues, and the overall effectiveness of drugtesting programs. In other states, steroid abuse seems to be the hot topicof debate. In Florida, state representative Marcelo Llorente is pushing abill that would require counties to test a percentage of their high schoolathletes for steroids. In California, state Senator Jackie Speier hasintroduced legislation to ban the sale of supplements such as ANDRO toteens. She is also pushing for the state to focus on statewide testing ofhigh school athletes for steroids and supplements. The federal government has also stepped up its efforts in the preventionof steroid abuse. Congress has introduced several bills to aid in thisgrowing epidemic. The first bill introduced was to direct the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology to establish a program to supportresearch and training in new methods of detecting the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes and for other purposes. The second bill wasdesigned to clarify a definition of anabolic steroids and to providefunding fund for steroid research and education. Finally the last bill wasdesigned to give Major League Baseball a wake up call to improve their drugtesting policies or Congress would step in and improve the policies forthem. President George W. Bush also stepped up his drug policies for theupcoming election year. During this years State of the Union address,President Bush proposed to expand federal monies for school drug testingprograms more than tenfold, to $23 million. During his speech, thePresident called drug testing the silver bullet that would eliminate teendrug use. The Presidents Office of National Drug Control Policy said partof the new money would go towards the study of a nationwide expansion oftesting. President Bushs justification for this use of this new federalmoney is the reduction of teen drug use the past two years and arguing thatdrug testing in schools were an effective part in the decrease. What Should Be Done?There are several things we can do to decrease the use of drugs amongteenagers. The first step would be the removal of mandatory drug testing atthe high school level. Mandatory drug testing has proven to be a: negativeeffect on the classroom or team, waste of valuable school financialresources, potential barrier to joining extra-curricular activities, falsepositive result could punish an innocent student. and could produce severalunintended consequences. Another reason for the removal of mandatory drugtesting at the high school level is that research has shown that the drugtesting policies have no real effect on deterring teen drug use. Money that was to be spent on drug testing should go into other meansof drug prevention such as: counselors, anti-drug campaigns or education,drug awareness programs for athletes, and training for coaches, teachers,and administrators to help with spotting potential drug abusers. Teenagersare not like pilots or military personnel that will confine to drugscreening. Teenagers rebel against authority and someone is forcing them tobe tested they will rebel against the school district. The second step to reducing teenage drug use is stricter drugpolicies at the professional level of athletics, especially in Major LeagueBaseball. Professional athletes are seen as role models for todays youth. If a teenager sees an athlete using performance enhancing drugs or steroidsto improve themselves, they may see that as a sign that those drugs arentpotentially dangerous. An example of this happened when Mark McGwire brokethe home run record and admitted to using ANDRO. Almost immediately ANDROsales rose and most of the consumers were teenagers looking to get an edgeover their competition. Finally, the third step to reducing teenage drug use is federalgovernment increase its efforts in more productive manners. Congress needto continue to pass bills that allowing funding for research of bettertechniques of finding drug abuses. Congress also needs to step in and crackdown on steroid and performance enhancing drug use. The first step is tocome up with a solid definition of performance enhancing drugs, then put inplace measures to prevent the use of them by athletes and teenagers. President Bush needs to spend the money he proposed to spend on drugtesting for more effective ways of prevention like drug education andresearch to find more reliable and less invasive way of testing for drugs. President Bush also needs to step up and address the nation on the dangersof performance enhancing drugs and steroids. The President also needs toencourage the American people to voice their opinions and force stricterdrug testing policies at the professional levels of sports. ConclusionAfter researching mandatory drug testing, it has become apparent thatmandatory drug testing in schools is an issue that needs to be addressed. It not only affects adolescents who must go through the tests, but itaffects teachers, coaches, administrators, the school district, parents,and society as a whole. Mandatory drug testing has been proven valuable inthe work place, collegiate athletics, and professional athletics. However,mandatory drug testing has proven to be a costly tool that is not effectivein a middle or high school environment. Therefore, local, state, andfederal authorities must work to ensure theses types of tests remain out ofthe school system. It is also the duty of the government to continue toeducate teenagers, both students and athletes, about the dangers of drugabuse. The government also has an obligation to continue funding researchto find new and effective ways of reducing drug abuse. Appendix AAppendix BBibliography1. Dlouhy, Jennifer. House Bill to Combat Use of New Steroid-Like DrugsAdvanced byJudiciary Panel. CQ Weekly. 816. 3 Apr. 2004. (Apr. 2004)http.//library2.cqpress.com/cqweekly/document. 2. Dunn, Andrew. SCHOOL MAY ALSO TEST FOR STEROIDS; EXPANSION OFDRUG SCREENING. The Ledger 2 Apr. 20043. Floersheim, Ryan. NCAA drug testing levels playing field. Daily LOBO9 Apr. 2004. 4. Gloster, Rob. High Schools Struggling With Steroid Use. AssociatedPress25 Mar. 2004. 5. Gloster, Rob. For many high schools, tests for steroids are toexpensive.Associated Press 25 Mar. 2004. 6. Gunja, Fatema., Alexandra Cox., Marsha Rosenbaum, PhD., and JudithAppel, JD. Making Sense of Student Drug Testing: Why Educators are Saying No. ACLU, Jan. 20047. Hatcher, Donald. Science, Ethics, and Technological Assessment. 3rd Edt. American Press, Boston, Massachusetts 2001. 8. Johnson, Alicia. NCAA Drug tests a success. District Chronicles 3 Oct. 2002. 9. Koch, Kathy. Drug Testing. CQ Researcher. 8.43. 20 Nov. 1998. (Apr. 2004)http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document. 10. Leshanski, Jonathan. Baseball Needs A Real Drug Policy. At HomePlate. 18 Nov. 2003. (Apr. 2004) http://www.athomeplate.com/drugs2.shtml. 11. Leshanski, Jonathan. MLBs Drug Problem. At Home Plate. 23 Jun. 2003. (Apr. 2004) http://www.athomeplate.com/drug.shtml. 12. Locy, Tony. High courts OKs drug testing for students. USA Today. Unknown. http://www.xpressdrugtest.com/schools.html. 13. Louria, Donald. Mandatory Drug Testing of High School Athletes:UnethicalEvaluation, Unethical Policy. American Journal of Bioethics (Winter2004): 35. 14. Luna, Erik. What is Legal Is Not Necessarily Ethical: The Limits ofLaw andDrug-Testing Programs. American Journal of Bioethics (Winter 2004):41. 15. Masci, David. Preventing Teen Drug Use. CQ Researcher.12.10 15 Mar. 2002. (Apr. 2004) http://library.cqpress.com/cqreseacher/document.html. 16. McLure, Jason. Guilty Until Proven Innocent. Newsweek. 25 Feb. 2004. (Apr. 2004) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4375351/.html. 17. Rosenbaum, Marsha. Save Your Time and Money; Random Testing DoesntWork.Fresno Bee. 18 Mar. 2004. 18. Slater, Jim. PGA will test for unfair clubs but not for dopedplayers.Agence France Presse 6 Nov. 2003. 19. Toland, Jennifer. Test finds cheaters among college athletes.Worcester Telegram Gazette 28 Mar. 2004. 20. Associated Press. Anti-drug chief rips MLB plan. MSNBC. 2004. (Apr. 2004)http://msnbc.com/news/993326.asp?0sl=-20Monitoring the Future: a continue study of American youth. 11 Feb. 2004. The RegentsOf the University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI 48109 (Apr 2004)http://monitoringthefuture.com.html. 21. National Institute of Drug Abuse. NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletin AnabolicSteroids. Apr. 2000. 11 Apr 2004http://165.112.78.61/SteroidAlert/Steroidalert.html22. Oxford English Dictionary. 2004. Oxford University Press. 4 Apr. 2004http://dictionary.oed.com/Student Drug Testing: Relevant Case Law. 21 Oct. 2002. American CivilLibertiesUnion. 22 Apr. 2004. http://www.aclu.org/news/. 23. Sports Law: Drug Use in Sports. FindLaw Sports. 11 Apr. 2004http://sports.findlaw.com/sports_law/drugs/testing/.html. What the Experts Say on Student Drug Testing. 15 Mar. 2002. AmericanCivilLiberties Union. 22 Apr. 2004. http://www.aclu.org/news/. Why Parents and Other Adults Should Care About Drug Testing: SomeQuestions andAnswers. Drug Policy Alliance. 22 Apr. 2004. http://drugtestingfails.org/faq.html. 24. Win Without Steroids. About The Sport. 9 Apr. 2004http://www.usafootball.com/aboutthesport/steroids.html. 25. United States Congress. A Bill. 11 Apr. 2004http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?c108:8:./temp/~c1080u12AZ::.html.